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Taxes in the UK 2025 and Business Insights

author
Finevolution
30.01.2025

Over the past decade, the UK has seen a noticeable trend in the growth of registered businesses. According to the Department for Business and Trade, from 2010 to 2024, the total number of businesses increased by 1 million, representing a 23% rise.

As of early 2024, there were 5.5 million private sector businesses:

  • 5.45 million were small businesses with 0 to 49 employees
  • 37,800 companies were medium-sized, with 50 to 249 employees
  • 8,250 businesses were large, employing 250 or more people

How can a startup break into the UK market?

Registering a startup in the UK is a promising step for entrepreneurs aiming to enter international markets and take advantage of all the benefits offered by one of the world’s most powerful economies. Cities like London, Manchester, Birmingham, and others are known as leading tech hubs with easy access to a skilled workforce, venture investors, and accelerators.

The UK’s legal system protects intellectual property, which is crucial for IT companies. Additionally, clear and transparent regulations create a predictable business environment.

The country actively supports innovative enterprises. IT companies can take advantage of the following tax incentives:
  • R&D Tax Credits — reimbursement for research and development expenses, which can cover up to 33% of costs
  • Patent Box Regime — a reduced corporate tax rate (10%) on income earned from patents
  • Other grants for startups, including through UK Innovate programs

However, there are some challenges to consider. The high level of competition in the market requires careful planning, and while the regulatory environment is transparent, it still involves adhering to numerous formalities related to taxation. Let’s take a closer look at these challenges.

Source Inter-Department Business Register (IDBR)

Starting Your Own Business in the UK: types, requirements, benefits

Setting up a Limited Company (Ltd) in the UK is one of the best options for startup founders looking to break into the global market with minimal costs. You can register online through the Companies House portal in just 24 hours, and with no minimum capital required, you can get started with as little as £1.

This business structure is known for its transparency: founder information is available in the public registry, which enhances trust among international partners. London, as a global business hub, is home to over 1 million LTD companies. Additionally, an LTD can be fully owned by foreigners, making it easier to expand into the UK market.

Administrative costs are minimal, as are the reporting requirements for small companies with an income of up to £10.2 million. The registered address can be anywhere in the country, and the lack of a need for physical presence opens up additional opportunities for international startups. Easy liquidation of an LTD makes it an ideal tool for testing business ideas.

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What Taxes Do Businesses Pay in the UK?

The UK has a well-developed tax system that balances transparency with competitive rates

Corporation Tax

– 25% for businesses with profits over £250,000

– 19% for companies with profits up to £50,000

Dividend Tax

Depends on shareholders’ income and varies from 8.75% to 39.35%. There is a tax-free allowance of £1,000 per year

Additional Taxes

National Insurance Contributions (NICs) for employers are set at 13.8% of their employees’ wages

Fun Fact: The legendary band Queen has made a significant financial contribution to the UK economy through taxes. Their company, Queen Productions, which manages the band’s music rights and earnings, paid over £12 million in taxes in 2023. This included £4.1 million in corporation tax and £7.7 million in dividend taxes paid by shareholders.

Most of our clients looking to set up a business in major international hubs usually choose between the UK and Switzerland. These are among the most stable jurisdictions, offering a clear legal framework and a transparent tax system.

Is everyone required to pay VAT?

“Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax that is imposed on most goods and services. The standard VAT rate is 20%, the reduced rate is 5% (for example, for energy supplies). Some goods and services, including food, books, or children’s clothing, are exempt from taxation (zero rate).

VAT registration becomes mandatory when a company’s annual turnover exceeds £85,000. However, companies with lower turnover can voluntarily register, which allows them to reclaim VAT on business expenses.

VAT registered businesses are required to submit returns quarterly through the HMRC (Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs) platform. The return includes the amount of tax collected from sales and the amount of VAT paid to suppliers. The difference between these amounts is either paid to the government or refunded to the company.

Changes in the UK tax legislation in 2025

2025 has brought significant changes to the tax system. In particular, from April 2025, the non-domiciled residents tax regime has been abolished, which previously allowed foreign income to remain untaxed in Great Britain if it wasn’t transferred into the country. The new regime requires taxation of all foreign income regardless of whether it’s repatriated.

Also from April 2025, the National Insurance contribution rate for employers has increased from 13.8% to 15%, and the secondary threshold has been reduced from £9,100 to £5,000 per year.


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